Cerebral oedema
Two principle types; Vasogenic oedema Occurs when the integrity of the BBB is compromised and increased vascular permeability occurs Allows fluid to escape from the… Read More »
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Adrenal Medulla
Developmentally distinct from the adrenal cortex Composed of neural crest cells called chromaffin cells which synthesise and secrete catecholamines in response to preganglionic nerve fibres… Read More »
Adrenal glands
Function of the cortex  In adults the normal adrenal gland weighs 4g but with acute stress, lipid depletion may reduce the weight and with… Read More »
Normal carbohydrate metabolism
Normal plasma glucose concentration is between 4.5 and 11mmol/L Almost all the glucose filtered by the renal glomeruli is reabsorbed by the renal tubular cells,… Read More »
Diabetic ketoacidosis
Diabetic ketoacidosis may be defined to occur in patients with positive serum ketones and an arterial blood pH of less than or equal to 7.30… Read More »
Diabetes Mellitus (DM)
A group of disorders sharing the common feature of hyperglycaemia Hyperglycaemia is due to defects in insulin secretion, action or both Chronic hyperglycaemia and metablic… Read More »
The normal pancreas
Pancreas consists of 1 million islets of Langerhans Start to develop from week 9-11 gestation Contain exocrine and endocrine components Contain 4 major cell types, b, a, d and… Read More »