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	<title>My Clinical Notes</title>
	<link>http://myclinicalnotes.com</link>
	<description>Medical Student Study Notes.</description>
	<pubDate>Fri, 28 Mar 2008 17:08:58 +0000</pubDate>
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	<language>en</language>
			<item>
		<title>Intensive care</title>
		<link>http://myclinicalnotes.com/chemical-pathology/intensive-care</link>
		<comments>http://myclinicalnotes.com/chemical-pathology/intensive-care#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Fri, 28 Mar 2008 17:08:58 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>lesley</dc:creator>
		
		<category><![CDATA[Chemical Pathology]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://myclinicalnotes.com/chemical-pathology/intensive-care</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[Pulse oximetry

Non invasive estimation of      arterial Hb O2 saturation
Depends on 2 main principles;

Different light absorption       between Hb and oxyHb
Identification of pulsatile       blood component of the signal


Provides no information about      ventilation including CO2 status
Inaccuracies;

Bright [...]]]></description>
		<wfw:commentRss>http://myclinicalnotes.com/chemical-pathology/intensive-care/feed</wfw:commentRss>
		</item>
		<item>
		<title>Acute toxicology</title>
		<link>http://myclinicalnotes.com/chemical-pathology/acute-toxicology</link>
		<comments>http://myclinicalnotes.com/chemical-pathology/acute-toxicology#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Wed, 26 Mar 2008 17:11:45 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>lesley</dc:creator>
		
		<category><![CDATA[Chemical Pathology]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://myclinicalnotes.com/chemical-pathology/acute-toxicology</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[Overdoses
·        Must be excluded in coma of unknown origin.
·        Assay for identification, but normally to assess concentration levels (unless it will change your management! – e.g. paracetamol).
·        Epidemiology:
o       Most common ODs are: ethanol, paracetamol, salicylates (all of which cause metabolic derangements – Acid-base disturbance, hypokalaemia, hypoglycaemia) and benzodiazepines &#38; tricyclics (which do not).
 
Salicylates (asprin)

No antedote [...]]]></description>
		<wfw:commentRss>http://myclinicalnotes.com/chemical-pathology/acute-toxicology/feed</wfw:commentRss>
		</item>
		<item>
		<title>Therapeutic drug monitoring</title>
		<link>http://myclinicalnotes.com/chemical-pathology/therapeutic-drug-monitoring</link>
		<comments>http://myclinicalnotes.com/chemical-pathology/therapeutic-drug-monitoring#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Wed, 26 Mar 2008 11:36:22 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>lesley</dc:creator>
		
		<category><![CDATA[Chemical Pathology]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://myclinicalnotes.com/chemical-pathology/therapeutic-drug-monitoring</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[
Reasons for drug monitoring;

To check compliance – patient       is taking the drug as prescribed
Dose is sufficient to produce       the required effects and unlikely to cause toxic effects
To determine the type of       drug(s) taken in a suspected overdose [...]]]></description>
		<wfw:commentRss>http://myclinicalnotes.com/chemical-pathology/therapeutic-drug-monitoring/feed</wfw:commentRss>
		</item>
		<item>
		<title>Inborn errors of metabolism</title>
		<link>http://myclinicalnotes.com/chemical-pathology/inborn-errors-of-metabolism</link>
		<comments>http://myclinicalnotes.com/chemical-pathology/inborn-errors-of-metabolism#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Tue, 25 Mar 2008 17:41:14 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>lesley</dc:creator>
		
		<category><![CDATA[Chemical Pathology]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://myclinicalnotes.com/chemical-pathology/inborn-errors-of-metabolism</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[
Inherited inborn disorders may      affect any protein or peptide but most commonly there is an enzyme      abnormality

 


Deficiency of X may cause;

Deficiency of product B e.g.      cortisol deficiency in congenital adrenal hyperplasia
Accumulation of substance A      acted [...]]]></description>
		<wfw:commentRss>http://myclinicalnotes.com/chemical-pathology/inborn-errors-of-metabolism/feed</wfw:commentRss>
		</item>
		<item>
		<title>Tests of intestinal function</title>
		<link>http://myclinicalnotes.com/chemical-pathology/tests-of-intestinal-function</link>
		<comments>http://myclinicalnotes.com/chemical-pathology/tests-of-intestinal-function#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Sun, 09 Mar 2008 19:47:08 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>lesley</dc:creator>
		
		<category><![CDATA[Chemical Pathology]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://myclinicalnotes.com/chemical-pathology/tests-of-intestinal-function</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[Carbohydrate absorption

Polysaccharides such as starch      are hydrolysed to form disaccharides by SALIVARY and PANCREATIC α-AMYLASES
The disaccharides such as      maltose, sucrose and lactose are hydrolysed to their constitutive monosaccharides      by α and β-glucosidases located on the brush border of enterocytes,  [...]]]></description>
		<wfw:commentRss>http://myclinicalnotes.com/chemical-pathology/tests-of-intestinal-function/feed</wfw:commentRss>
		</item>
		<item>
		<title>Lipids</title>
		<link>http://myclinicalnotes.com/chemical-pathology/lipids</link>
		<comments>http://myclinicalnotes.com/chemical-pathology/lipids#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Sun, 09 Mar 2008 19:46:21 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>lesley</dc:creator>
		
		<category><![CDATA[Chemical Pathology]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://myclinicalnotes.com/chemical-pathology/lipids</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[Lipoprotein metabolism
 

Because lipids are insoluable,      they are transported around the body as protein complexes called      lipoproteins
Lipoproteins are classified by      their buoyant density which inversely reflects their size
The greater the lipid:protein      ratio, the larger the size [...]]]></description>
		<wfw:commentRss>http://myclinicalnotes.com/chemical-pathology/lipids/feed</wfw:commentRss>
		</item>
		<item>
		<title>Pancreatic carcinoma</title>
		<link>http://myclinicalnotes.com/biliary-tree-and-pancreas/pancreatic-carcinoma</link>
		<comments>http://myclinicalnotes.com/biliary-tree-and-pancreas/pancreatic-carcinoma#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Wed, 05 Mar 2008 21:03:36 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>lesley</dc:creator>
		
		<category><![CDATA[Biliary tree and pancreas]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://myclinicalnotes.com/biliary-tree-and-pancreas/pancreatic-carcinoma</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[
Accounts for 5% of all cancer      deaths in the UK
More common in men aged &#62;60
5 year survival rate is less      than 5%

 
Associations are;

Smoking (strongest      environmental influence)
High fat/carbohydrate diet
Diabetes 
Chronic pancreatitis

 
Pathogenesis

Histologically it is an      infiltrating ductal [...]]]></description>
		<wfw:commentRss>http://myclinicalnotes.com/biliary-tree-and-pancreas/pancreatic-carcinoma/feed</wfw:commentRss>
		</item>
		<item>
		<title>Chronic pancreatitis</title>
		<link>http://myclinicalnotes.com/biliary-tree-and-pancreas/chronic-pancreatitis</link>
		<comments>http://myclinicalnotes.com/biliary-tree-and-pancreas/chronic-pancreatitis#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Wed, 05 Mar 2008 19:13:11 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>lesley</dc:creator>
		
		<category><![CDATA[Biliary tree and pancreas]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://myclinicalnotes.com/biliary-tree-and-pancreas/chronic-pancreatitis</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[
Chronic inflammation of the      pancreas with fibrosis. It has a relapsing and remitting course and is      associated with irreversible impairment of pancreatic function

 
Causes

Similar to acute pancreatitis, 

Long term alcohol abuse – most       common
Long term obstruction of the   [...]]]></description>
		<wfw:commentRss>http://myclinicalnotes.com/biliary-tree-and-pancreas/chronic-pancreatitis/feed</wfw:commentRss>
		</item>
		<item>
		<title>Acute pancreatitis</title>
		<link>http://myclinicalnotes.com/biliary-tree-and-pancreas/acute-pancreatitis</link>
		<comments>http://myclinicalnotes.com/biliary-tree-and-pancreas/acute-pancreatitis#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Wed, 05 Mar 2008 19:12:18 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>lesley</dc:creator>
		
		<category><![CDATA[Biliary tree and pancreas]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://myclinicalnotes.com/biliary-tree-and-pancreas/acute-pancreatitis</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[ 

Acute inflammation of the      pancreas caused by destructive effect of enzymes released from the      pancreatic acini

 
Causes

Gallstones (most common), also      other things that may obstruct the pancreatic duct system
Alchohol
Trauma
Shock and thromboembolism      causing ischaemia
Mumps, and other viruses [...]]]></description>
		<wfw:commentRss>http://myclinicalnotes.com/biliary-tree-and-pancreas/acute-pancreatitis/feed</wfw:commentRss>
		</item>
		<item>
		<title>Gastrointestinal bleeding</title>
		<link>http://myclinicalnotes.com/gastrointestinal/gastrointestinal-bleeding</link>
		<comments>http://myclinicalnotes.com/gastrointestinal/gastrointestinal-bleeding#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Wed, 27 Feb 2008 18:14:44 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>lesley</dc:creator>
		
		<category><![CDATA[Gastrointestinal]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://myclinicalnotes.com/gastrointestinal/gastrointestinal-bleeding</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[Upper GI bleeding

Between the pharynx and the      ligament of Trietz which connects the fourth portion of the duodenum to      the diaphragm
Causes of upper GI bleeding;

Oesophageal

Varices
Oesophagitis
Oesophageal carcinomas
Mallory Weiss tear


Gastric

Varices
Gastric ulcer
Gastric carcinoma
Gastritis


Duodenal

Dueodenal ulcer
Vascular malfomations        including aorto-enteric fistulae





 
Lower GI bleeding

Causes;

Coagulopathy
Colitis – [...]]]></description>
		<wfw:commentRss>http://myclinicalnotes.com/gastrointestinal/gastrointestinal-bleeding/feed</wfw:commentRss>
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