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	<title>My Clinical Notes</title>
	<link>http://myclinicalnotes.com</link>
	<description>Medical Student Study Notes.</description>
	<pubDate>Sun, 15 Feb 2009 22:01:30 +0000</pubDate>
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	<language>en</language>
			<item>
		<title>Bleeding disorders</title>
		<link>http://myclinicalnotes.com/haematology/bleeding-disorders-2</link>
		<comments>http://myclinicalnotes.com/haematology/bleeding-disorders-2#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Sun, 15 Feb 2009 18:12:34 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>lesley</dc:creator>
		
		<category><![CDATA[Haematology]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://myclinicalnotes.com/haematology/bleeding-disorders-2</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[
Disorders of haemostasis can be      due to;



Vascular disorders
Platelet disorders
Coagulation disorders




The pattern of bleeding is      important in distinguishing the type of disorder
Vascular and platelet disorders      lead to bleeding from cuts, mucous membranes
Coagulation disorders cause      delayed bleeding [...]]]></description>
		<wfw:commentRss>http://myclinicalnotes.com/haematology/bleeding-disorders-2/feed</wfw:commentRss>
		</item>
		<item>
		<title>Haemolytic anaemias</title>
		<link>http://myclinicalnotes.com/haematology/haemolytic-anaemias</link>
		<comments>http://myclinicalnotes.com/haematology/haemolytic-anaemias#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Sun, 15 Feb 2009 18:12:06 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>lesley</dc:creator>
		
		<category><![CDATA[Haematology]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://myclinicalnotes.com/haematology/haemolytic-anaemias</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[
Haemolysis can occur in the      circulation (intravascularly) or in the reticulendothelial system      (extravascularly)
When trying to diagnose a      haemolytic anaemia ask yourself the following questions;

Is there increased red cell       breakdown?

Increased bilirubin?
Increased urine bilinogen?
Increased serum LDH [...]]]></description>
		<wfw:commentRss>http://myclinicalnotes.com/haematology/haemolytic-anaemias/feed</wfw:commentRss>
		</item>
		<item>
		<title>The peripheral blood film</title>
		<link>http://myclinicalnotes.com/haematology/the-peripheral-blood-film</link>
		<comments>http://myclinicalnotes.com/haematology/the-peripheral-blood-film#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Sun, 15 Feb 2009 18:11:40 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>lesley</dc:creator>
		
		<category><![CDATA[Haematology]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://myclinicalnotes.com/haematology/the-peripheral-blood-film</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[Anisocytosis

Variation in RBC size
Seen in meglaoblastic anaemia,      thalassaemia and iron deficient anaemia

Acanthocytes

RBCs that show many spicules      due to an unstable red cell membrane lipid structure
Seen in abetalipoproteinaemia

 
Basophilic RBC stippling

Denatured RNA found in RBCs,      indicating accelerated erythropoiesis or defective HB synthesis
Seen [...]]]></description>
		<wfw:commentRss>http://myclinicalnotes.com/haematology/the-peripheral-blood-film/feed</wfw:commentRss>
		</item>
		<item>
		<title>Anaemia</title>
		<link>http://myclinicalnotes.com/haematology/anaemia-2</link>
		<comments>http://myclinicalnotes.com/haematology/anaemia-2#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Sun, 15 Feb 2009 18:11:15 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>lesley</dc:creator>
		
		<category><![CDATA[Haematology]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://myclinicalnotes.com/haematology/anaemia-2</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[
Defined as a low Hb      concentration and can be due to a low red cell mass or an increase      circulating volume
Defined as &#60;13.5g/dL in men      and &#60;11.5g/dL in women

Symptoms

Fatigue
Dyspnoea
Faintness
Palpitations
Headache
Tinnitus
Anorexia
Angina (if there is      pre-existing coronary artery [...]]]></description>
		<wfw:commentRss>http://myclinicalnotes.com/haematology/anaemia-2/feed</wfw:commentRss>
		</item>
		<item>
		<title>Bladder tumours</title>
		<link>http://myclinicalnotes.com/kidney/bladder-tumours</link>
		<comments>http://myclinicalnotes.com/kidney/bladder-tumours#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Thu, 12 Feb 2009 10:18:52 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>lesley</dc:creator>
		
		<category><![CDATA[Kidney]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://myclinicalnotes.com/kidney/bladder-tumours</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[
Can be;

Transitional cell carcinomas
Adenocarcinomas
Squamous cell carcinomas (rare       in the West, may be associated with schistosomiasis)


Histology is important for      prognosis;

Grade 1 - differentiated
Grade 2 - intermediate
Grade 3 - poorly       differentiated


80% are confined to the bladder     [...]]]></description>
		<wfw:commentRss>http://myclinicalnotes.com/kidney/bladder-tumours/feed</wfw:commentRss>
		</item>
		<item>
		<title>Urinary tract malignancies</title>
		<link>http://myclinicalnotes.com/kidney/urinary-tract-malignancies</link>
		<comments>http://myclinicalnotes.com/kidney/urinary-tract-malignancies#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Thu, 12 Feb 2009 10:18:24 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>lesley</dc:creator>
		
		<category><![CDATA[Kidney]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://myclinicalnotes.com/kidney/urinary-tract-malignancies</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[Renal cell carcinoma

Arises from the proximal tubule      epithelium
Accounts for 90% of renal      cancers
15% of those on haemodialysis      will get RCC
Clinical features;

May be an incidental finding
Haematuria
Lone pain
Abdominal mass
Anorexia
Malaise
Weight loss
Rarely invasion of the left       renal vein [...]]]></description>
		<wfw:commentRss>http://myclinicalnotes.com/kidney/urinary-tract-malignancies/feed</wfw:commentRss>
		</item>
		<item>
		<title>Urinary incontinence</title>
		<link>http://myclinicalnotes.com/kidney/urinary-incontinence</link>
		<comments>http://myclinicalnotes.com/kidney/urinary-incontinence#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Thu, 12 Feb 2009 10:17:59 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>lesley</dc:creator>
		
		<category><![CDATA[Kidney]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://myclinicalnotes.com/kidney/urinary-incontinence</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[In men

Most commonly due to      enlargement of the prostate
Urge incontinence or dribbling      may result from the partial retention of urine
TURP and other pelvic surgery      may weaken the bladder sphincter and cause incontinence

In women

Functional incontinence

o       When physiological factors are relatively unimportant
o       [...]]]></description>
		<wfw:commentRss>http://myclinicalnotes.com/kidney/urinary-incontinence/feed</wfw:commentRss>
		</item>
		<item>
		<title>Urinary retention</title>
		<link>http://myclinicalnotes.com/kidney/urinary-retention</link>
		<comments>http://myclinicalnotes.com/kidney/urinary-retention#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Thu, 12 Feb 2009 10:17:33 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>lesley</dc:creator>
		
		<category><![CDATA[Kidney]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://myclinicalnotes.com/kidney/urinary-retention</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[Acute retention

The bladder is usually tender      containing around 600ml of urine
In men it is usually caused by      BPH precipitated by;

Anticholinergics
Holding on
Constipation
Pain
Anaesthetics
Alcohol
Infection


Examine

Abdomen
PR
Perianal sensation


Tests

MSU, FBC, U&#38;Es, PSA
US


Prevention

Finasteride - reduces prostate       size
Tamulosin - reduces risk of       [...]]]></description>
		<wfw:commentRss>http://myclinicalnotes.com/kidney/urinary-retention/feed</wfw:commentRss>
		</item>
		<item>
		<title>Renal tubular acidosis</title>
		<link>http://myclinicalnotes.com/kidney/renal-tubular-acidosis</link>
		<comments>http://myclinicalnotes.com/kidney/renal-tubular-acidosis#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Wed, 11 Feb 2009 15:21:14 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>lesley</dc:creator>
		
		<category><![CDATA[Kidney]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://myclinicalnotes.com/kidney/renal-tubular-acidosis</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[

This is a metabolic acidosis      due to impaired acid secretion by the kidney
There is a hyperchoraemic      metabolic acidosis with normal anion gap

Type I

Distal RTA due to inability the      excrete H+ ions and generate acidic urine in the distal tubule, even [...]]]></description>
		<wfw:commentRss>http://myclinicalnotes.com/kidney/renal-tubular-acidosis/feed</wfw:commentRss>
		</item>
		<item>
		<title>Inherited kidney diseases</title>
		<link>http://myclinicalnotes.com/kidney/inherited-kidney-diseases</link>
		<comments>http://myclinicalnotes.com/kidney/inherited-kidney-diseases#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Wed, 11 Feb 2009 15:20:45 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>lesley</dc:creator>
		
		<category><![CDATA[Kidney]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://myclinicalnotes.com/kidney/inherited-kidney-diseases</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[
Autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD)

Prevalence 1/1000
Genes on Chr16 and Chr 4
Causes renal enlargement with      cysts, abdo pain, haematuria, cyst infection, renal calculi, raised BP and      progressive renal failure
Extra-renal associations

Liver cysts
Intracranial aneurysms - SAH
Mitral valve prolapse


Treatment

Monitor U&#38;Es
Control BP
Treat infections
Dialysis or transplantation     [...]]]></description>
		<wfw:commentRss>http://myclinicalnotes.com/kidney/inherited-kidney-diseases/feed</wfw:commentRss>
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